Stuttgart is served by Autobahn A8, that runs east–west from Karlsruhe to Munich, and Autobahn A81 that runs north–south from Würzburg to Singen. On 25 April 1952, the other two parts of the former German states of Baden and Württemberg, South Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged and formed the modern German state of Baden-Württemberg, with Stuttgart as its capital. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Winters last from December to March. Weltkrieg (1939 bis 1945)", "Die offizielle Statistik zählt 1389 Vergewaltigungen", "Speech by J.F. The first Waldorf School (also known as Rudolf Steiner School) was founded here in 1919 by the director of the Waldorf Astoria tobacco factory, Emil Molt, and Austrian social thinker Rudolf Steiner, a comprehensive school following Steiner's educational principles of anthroposophy and humanistic ideals. Its area has a population of 605,997,[4] making it the sixth largest city in Germany. Though it is a rare occurrence in Stuttgart, the city sometimes receives damaging hailstorms, such as in July 2013. Königstraße, Stuttgart's most important shopping street which runs along the northwestern edge of Schlossplatz, claims to be the longest pedestrianized street in Germany.[139]. Stuttgart is currently[when?] The city, in its engineering tradition as the cradle of the automobile, has also always been a fruitful place of research and innovation. [26] Thus, the first settlement of Stuttgart was a massive Roman Castra stativa (Cannstatt Castrum)[25] built c. 90 AD to protect the Villas and vineyards blanketing the landscape and the road from Mogontiacum (Mainz) to Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg). In the 150th year since his death (1955), the last remnant of the alma mater of Friederich Schiller, the Karlsschule, was removed in favor of an expansion to the Bundesstraße 14. [142] Stuttgart Ballet is connected to names like John Cranko and Marcia Haydée. The modern park stretches down to the river Neckar and is divided into the upper garden (bordering the Old Castle, the Main Station, the State Theater and the State Parliament building), and the middle and lower gardens – a total of 61 hectares. There are two large tours that are available to visitors to Stuttgart. VVS' uniform tariffs are valid throughout Stuttgart as well as its neighbouring districts of Böblingen, Esslingen, Ludwigsburg, the Rems-Murr-District, and for the railway line between Geislingen and Lorch. Porsche is in Zuffenhausen (North) and Mercedes in Untertürkheim (Southeast). [93] The next year the Nazi regime began the arrests and deportation of Stuttgart's Jewish inhabitants, beginning with the entire male Jewish population of Stuttgart, to the police-run prison camp at Welzheim or directly to Dachau. Stuttgart has one airport , located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen.Various airlines including low cost airline TUI serve direct flight connections between Stuttgart and major German and European cities. The park has been used to stage many gardening shows since the 1950s, including the Bundesgartenschau and 1993 International Gardening Show, and runs miniature trains all around the park in the summer months for children and adults. The Staatstheater is home to the State opera and three smaller theatres. As is the case wherever the US military is stationed, there is an American Forces Network (AFN) station. [114] In 1986, the European Athletics Championships of that year were held in the Mercedes-Benz Arena. It also has a Landesmedienzentrum, a State media center. [176], Long-distance trains stop at Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof, the city's main line terminus, which is also used by Interregio-Express, Regional-Express and Regionalbahn trains for services to stations in the Stuttgart metropolitan area. When he came of age and returned from his tutoring at the court of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, Charles desired to move the capital back to Stuttgart. [91] Participants of the Kristallnacht burned the Old Synagogue to the ground[92] along with the relics contained within and also destroyed its Jewish cemetery. [24] Eberhard I, then Count Eberhard V, became the first Duke of Württemberg[d] in 1495,[26] and made Stuttgart the seat of the Duchy of Württemberg in addition to the County thereof. In the grounds of the park stands the former Rosenstein castle, now the Rosenstein museum. Stuttgart is one of the main cities in Germany and one of the first to be classified as a Yellow Zone. That same year, Ulrich was soundly defeated and he was driven into exile in France and Switzerland following the League's conquest of Württemberg. It transmits on FM on 102.3 MHz from Fernmeldeturm Frauenkopf and on AM on 1143 kHz from Hirschlanden transmitter. [134], Typically during summer months, the nearby hills, Swabian Alb mountains, and Black Forest, Schurwald, and Swabian-Franconian Forest act as a shield from harsh weather but the city can be subject to thunderstorms, whereas in the winter periods snow may last for several days. The French 5th Armored Division then captured Stuttgart on 21 April 1945, encountering little resistance. When Stuttgart was run as a (or within) the Duchy of Württemberg, it was governed by a type of protectorate called a Vogt appointed by the Duke. Stuttgart is currently [when?] Since 2008 the women's volleyball team Allianz MTV Stuttgart (until 2010 Allianz Volley Stuttgart, until 2012 Smart Allianz Stuttgart) plays in the Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga. [120] In 2008 a memorial to the US Constabulary was installed and dedicated at Patch Barracks. [77] Almost 45% of Baden-Württemberg scientists involved in R&D are based directly in the Swabian capital. The city offers two Broadway-style musical theaters, the Apollo and the Palladium Theater (each approx. According to the German newspaper Die Welt, the main reason for the Greens' victory was disgruntlement with the controversial Stuttgart 21 rail project. Planted by King William I of Württemberg, it contains many old trees and open areas and counts as the largest English-style garden in southern Germany. [94] Other Jews from around Württemberg were brought to Stuttgart and housed in the ghetto on the former Trade Fair grounds in Killesberg. 502 likes. In the 1457, the first Landtag of the Estates of Württemberg was established in Stuttgart and a similar institution was established in Leonberg. [106] The city's bid for capital failed primarily because of the financial burdens its high rents would place on the government. ", The trauma of the early 1970s was quickly left behind, starting in 1974 with the 1974 FIFA World Cup and the opening of the Stuttgart S-Bahn on 1 October 1978 with a scheduled three routes. Stuttgart also has a large bus network. [29][33], In 950 AD, Duke Liudolf of Swabia, son of the current Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, decided to establish a stud farm for his cavalry during the Hungarian invasions of Europe on a widened area of the Nesenbach river valley 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the old Roman castrum. The Autobahn A831 is a short spur entering the southern side of Stuttgart. [23] In addition to Backnang, Pforzheim, and Besigheim, Hermann would also found the Stuttgart we know today in c. In December 2011, 613,392 people live there.[4]. [49] Stuttgart, at the end of the 18th century, remained a very provincial town of 20,000 residents, narrow alleys, and agriculture and livestock. Landesvermessungsamt Baden-Württemberg, P.O.Box 10 29 62, D-70025 Stuttgart, Phone (0711) 123-2831 (dial through of the maps sales department) There one can also get the register Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile in Baden-Württemberg, Edition 1994, with approximatly 7300 place-names together with the district the place … Of those, 67.8% of the residential buildings and 75% of the Industrial structures were destroyed. This page was last changed on 28 March 2021, at 18:08. For the first time since 1972 the CDU no longer held the most seats, toppling its absolute majority shared with the Independent Party and the FDP. It includes the stocks of the county and the duchy Württemberg until 1806, the Württemberg central authorities of the 19th and 20th century and the early 19th century as a result of media coverage of fallen Württemberg gentlemen and imperial cities in South Württemberg. The Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (after Frankfurt). Stuttgart has 613,392 people within city limits. Socialbar Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany). There are a number of natural and artificial lakes and ponds in Stuttgart. Since 1965, it is located right next to the WLB and belongs since 2005 as a department of the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg in. [37] A year after the city became the principal seat of the Counts of Württemberg in 1320,[25] the city was granted status as a city and given civic rights. Ludwigsburg Palace in the nearby town of Ludwigsburg is also used throughout the year as a venue for concerts and cultural events. [60] The rule of Charles Eugene also saw the tutoring and origins of Friedrich Schiller in Stuttgart, who studied medicine and completed The Robbers here. All this would be lost to the Württembergs during the reign of his son, Ulrich. In 2008 it was host to the World Individual Debating and Public Speaking Championships. These include: Other landmarks in and around Stuttgart include (see also museums below): At the center of Stuttgart lies a series of gardens which are popular with families and cyclists. One of the important persons is Carlo Anker. According to Dorling Kindersley's Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany, "In the city of Stuttgart, every third inhabitant is a foreigner." Although the attack on the city was to be conducted by the US Seventh Army's 100th Infantry Division, French leader Charles de Gaulle found this to be unacceptable, as he felt the capture of the region by Free French forces would increase French influence in post-war decisions. [37], In 1488, Stuttgart officially became the de facto residence of the Count himself as opposed to the location of his home, the Old Castle. VVS tickets can be used on all underground and commuter trains, trams, buses, the rack railway and the funicular railway. Following the suit of other German cities such as Berlin, Cologne and Hanover, on 1 March 2008 a Low Emission Zone (LEZ) came into effect in Stuttgart with the aim of improving air quality. In May 1965 Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Stuttgart and nearby Marbach and Schwäbisch Hall. the sixth largest German city and Stuttgart Region is the nation's third largest region. In November 2008, before the annual winter rise, unemployment in the Stuttgart Region stood at 3.8%, 0.1% lower than the rate for Baden-Württemberg, in February 2009 it was 4.7%. The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg, and they made it the capital of their county, duchy, and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918. In June 2009, for the first time the Greens gained the most seats in a German city with more than 500,000 inhabitants, effectively changing the balance of power in the city council. When internal divisions of the Frankfurt Parliament began the demise of that congress, the majority of the Frankfurt Congress voted to move to Stuttgart to flee the reach of the Prussian and Austrian armies in Frankfurt and Mainz. VfB Stuttgart … Stuttgart has a reputation for staging major events, including the FIFA World Cup 1974, the finals stages of the FIBA EuroBasket 1985, the UEFA Euro 1988, and the World Championships in Athletics 1993. [30] A settlement at this locale was again mentioned in 1229, but this time by Pope Gregory IX. "[21] 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background. As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile'. [156] For the first time in decades, in 2006 there were also more births in the city than deaths. Of them, only 180 held in Internment survived the Shoah.[96][97]. The coldest month is January with an average temperature of 0 Â°C (32 Â°F). The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Stuttgart in April 1945. The continuing importance of wine to the local economy is marked every year at the annual wine festival ('Weindorf'). Some of its most prominent companies include Daimler AG, Porsche, Bosch, Celesio, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sika – all of whom have their world or European headquarters here. It is surrounded by an expansive open area overlooked by vineyards on the banks of the river Neckar near [Mühlhausen]. [64] Within Stuttgart, the royal residence was expanded under Frederick although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings, including Wilhelm Palace, Katharina Hospital, the State Gallery, the Villa Berg and the Königsbau were built under the reign of King Wilhelm I. Stuttgart is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The University of Stuttgart is one of the city's higher education institutions. [74] A decade later, the Königsbau was constructed by Knapp and court architect Christian Friedrich von Leins as a concert hall. [34] When the peasants Ulrich had crushed before rose once again in the German Peasants' War,[40][41] Stuttgart was occupied by the peasant armies for a few days in the Spring of 1525. Since 2005, the instigators are working on a memoir about "The dead town". VfL Pfullingen/Stuttgart played in the Bundesliga from 2001 to 2006, where they played their home games in the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle. The nearby court at Archive Street (German: Archivstraße) 12A was also used as a central location for executions in Southwest Germany, as the headstone located in its atrium dedicated to the 419 lives lost there recalls. The next major air raid on Stuttgart occurred 15 September 1918, when structural damage caused house collapses that killed eleven people. Annually, the city receives average 718.7 mm (28.30 in) of rain (German average national annual rainfall is 700 mm (28 in)). Unemployment in the actual city of Stuttgart during the same periods stood at 5.2% and 6.0% (8 Nov and 9 Feb respectively). At the far end of Schlossgarten lies the second Green U park, the larger Rosensteinpark which borders Stuttgart's Wilhelma zoo and botanical gardens. Filderstadt is in the Stuttgart Region of Germany. Stuttgart has Germany's second-highest number of institutions (six) of applied research of the Fraunhofer Society (after Dresden). Stuttgart is also home to one of Germany's most prestigious symphony orchestras, the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, with famous English conductor Sir Roger Norrington, who developed a distinct sound of that orchestra, known as the Stuttgart Sound. Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants. [70] Stuttgart had a role to play during the revolution of 1848/1849 as well. Socialbar Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany). [83] Also in 1920, Erwin Rommel became the company commander of the 13th Infantry Regiment based in Stuttgart and would remain as such for the next nine years. The summers are warm with an average temperature of 20 Â°C (68 Â°F) in the hottest months of July and August. [98] In 1944, the city centre was entirely in ruins due to British and American bombers that could now more easily attack the city. from 17 to 19 June 1983, ten European heads of state and representatives from the European Union met in Stuttgart for a summit and there made the Solemn Declaration on European Union. The city is divided into 23 city districts. Die Socialbar ist ein Treffen von Weltverbesserern. Other famous sports venues are the Weissenhof tennis courts, where the annual Mercedes Cup tennis tournament is played, the Porsche Arena (hosting tennis, basketball and handball) and the Schleyerhalle (boxing, equestrianism/show jumping, gymnastics, track cycling etc. It also has the microfilms of all church books (especially baptism, marriage, and family Death's Register) in the area of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg. Stuttgart, like many of Germany's major cities, was ravaged throughout the war by Allied air raids. As well as being the largest square in Stuttgart, it stands at the crossover point between the city's shopping area, Schlossgarten park which runs down to the river Neckar, Stuttgart's two central castles and major museums and residential areas to the south west. [25] After the catastrophic defeat of the Protestant Heilbronn League by the Habsburgs at Nörlingen in 1634, Duke Eberhard III and his court fled in exile to Strasbourg, abandoning the Duchy to looting by pro-Habsburg forces. Stuttgart has two major ice hockey teams. Although the city center was heavily damaged during World War II,[139] many historic buildings have been reconstructed and the city boasts some fine pieces of modern post-war architecture. [23] Total destruction of the county was prevented by Henry VII's death on 24 August 1313 and the elections of Louis IV as King of the Germans and Frederick III as anti-king. [35] In 1251, the city passed to the Ulrich I von Württemberg as part of Mechthild von Baden's dowry. [163] Figures for 2006 indicate that Stuttgart ranked second behind Munich. Due to the hilly surroundings, there are many road tunnels in and around Stuttgart. The largest groups of foreign nationals were Turks (22,025), Greeks (14,341), Italians (13,978), Croats (12,985), Serbs (11,547) followed by immigrants from Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Portugal, Poland, France, and Austria. Despite being the capital and seat of the Duchy, the general staff of the Army of Württemberg was not present in the city. The first known settlement of Stuttgart was around the end of the 1st century AD with the establishment of a Roman fort in the modern district of Cannstatt on the banks of the river Neckar. The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living,[a][6] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities[b][7] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status global city in their 2014 survey. Eberhard desired to expand the realm his father had built through military action with the aid of the anti-king Henry Raspe IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, but was thwarted by the action of Emperor Rudolph I. By the Neckar, the elevation is about 207 m (679 ft), whereas the highest elevation. In October 2009 the Stuttgart Ministry of Agriculture announced that the European Union was to officially recognise the pasta dish Maultaschen as a "regional specialty", thus marking its significance to the cultural heritage of Baden-Württemberg. The Habsburgs once again had full reign of the city for another four years, and in that time Stuttgart had to carry the burden of billeting the pro-Habsburg armies in Swabia. [123] Due to these 2 major headquarters, Stuttgart has been identified as one of the few "enduring communities" where the United States forces will continue to operate in Germany. [160], Unemployment in the Stuttgart Region is above the average of Baden-Württemberg, but very low compared to other metropolitan areas in Germany. The region currently has Germany's highest density of scientific, academic and research organisations. Stuttgart airport is Germany's only international airport with one runway. A number of auto-enthusiast magazines are published in Stuttgart.[170]. The newspapers Stuttgarter Zeitung (StZ; regional, with significant supra-regional, national and international sections) and Stuttgarter Nachrichten (StN; regional) are published here as well as a number of smaller, local papers such as Cannstatter Zeitung. [98] With the war increasingly turning against the Third Reich, more and more troops were pulled from the defence of the city in 1943 to fight on the Eastern Front. [85][86][87] The first prototypes of the Volkswagen Beetle were manufactured in Stuttgart, according to designs by Ferdinand Porsche, by a design team including Erwin Komenda and Karl Rabe. As a result of the urban heat island caused by the dense development of the city, inside its "Cauldron" average temperatures in the summer months regularly beat 20 Â°C (68 Â°F) from June to August and come very near in September. As a result of Stuttgart's long history of viticulture (Even today there are vineyards less than 500 m (1,640 ft) from the Main Station), there are more than 400 flights of stairs (known in the local dialect as the "Stäffele") around the city, equivalent to approximately 20 km (12 mi) of steps.